.jpg?v=1 "Stripped")
-md.jpg?v=1 "Stripped")
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| 1. | Stripped Intro | 1m 39s |
| 2. | Can't Hold Us Down | 4m 15s |
| 3. | Walk Away | 5m 47s |
| 4. | Fighter | 4m 5s |
| 5. | Primer Amor Interlude | 53s |
| 6. | Infatuation | 4m 17s |
| 7. | Loves Embrace Interlude | 46s |
| 8. | Loving Me 4 Me | 4m 36s |
| 9. | Impossible | 4m 14s |
| 10. | Underappreciated | 4m |
| 11. | Beautiful | 3m 58s |
| 12. | Make Over | 4m 12s |
| 13. | Cruz | 3m 49s |
| 14. | Soar | 4m 45s |
| 15. | Get Mine, Get Yours | 3m 44s |
| 16. | Dirrty | 4m 58s |
| 17. | Stripped Pt. 2 | 45s |
| 18. | The Voice Within | 5m 4s |
| 19. | I'm OK | 5m 18s |
| 20. | Keep On Singin' My Song | 6m 29s |
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